{"id":89,"date":"2020-12-18T11:40:35","date_gmt":"2020-12-18T03:40:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/?p=89"},"modified":"2020-12-20T22:13:18","modified_gmt":"2020-12-20T14:13:18","slug":"%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e7%ae%80%e5%8f%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/?p=89","title":{"rendered":"\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7b80\u53f2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e00 \u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4ea7\u751f<\/p>\n<p>\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u8981\u6bd4\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7a0d\u665a\uff0c\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230100\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u65e9\u57281895\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5d14\u666e\u5229\u7279\uff08Norman 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for the Psychological Study of Social Issues\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0SPSSI\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u5305\u62ec\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bfb\u627e\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8c61\u6d77\u5fb7\uff08Fritz Heider\uff09\u3001\u8c22\u5229\u592b\uff08Sherif\uff09\u52d2\u6e29\uff08Kurt Lewin\uff09\u548c\u963f\u5fb7\u8bfa\uff08Theodor Adorno\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u8c22\u5229\u592b\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u52d2\u6e29\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u52d2\u6e29\u66f4\u662f\u628a\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5206\u6790\u5176\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff08Interactionism\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n<p>\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4ece\u4e8c\u6218\u4ee5\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u5230\u5317\u7f8e\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u9664\u4e86\u7ee7\u627f\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5373\u91cd\u89c6\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u30021950\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u5fb7\u8bfa\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u4eba\u683c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u7c73\u5c14\u683c\u62c9\u59c6\uff08Stanley Milgram 1963\uff09\u5bf9\u670d\u4ece\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d39\u65af\u5ef7\u683c\uff08Leon Festinger 1963\uff09\u5bf9\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e7f\u6cdb\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/8b23d2edc1c0d91eda369e0e7fb19f17640x6403589969377642928220..jpg\" class=\"wp-image-85 alignnone size-full\" width=\"540\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/8b23d2edc1c0d91eda369e0e7fb19f17640x6403589969377642928220..jpg 540w, http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/8b23d2edc1c0d91eda369e0e7fb19f17640x6403589969377642928220.-300x189.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u8c0b\u6740\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u53cd\u53db\u4ee5\u53ca\u538c\u6218\u60c5\u7eea\u5145\u65a5\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u548c\u7535\u89c6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u671f\u671b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u628a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4ece\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8f6c\u5165\u4e86\u5bf9\u4eba\u9645\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4ed6\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4fb5\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4eba\u9645\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u7231\u60c5\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u6218\u4ee5\u540e\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u4f9d\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u4fb5\u72af\u548c\u8d2b\u7a77\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5371\u673a\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4ece\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u5973\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u4f7f\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u81ea\u4ea7\u751f\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5371\u673a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u601d\u8def\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7b49\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6548\u5ea6\u4ea7\u751f\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u4ece\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e8670\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4ee5\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\u7740\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u3002\u4ece70\u5e74\u4ee3\u523090\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f52\u56e0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u97e6\u7eb3\uff08Weiner 1972 1986\uff09\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u963f\u5e03\u62c9\u59c6\u68ee\uff08Lyn Abramson 1978 1994\uff09\u5bf9\u5f52\u56e0\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8fd8\u5173\u6ce8\u8bf8\u5982\u73af\u5883\u3001\u6027\u522b\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u504f\u89c1\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u72af\u7f6a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u3001\u8425\u9500\u7b49\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n<p>\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5728100\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u5173\u5207\u7684\u7edf\u548c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u60b2\u5267\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\uff1b20\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u4e9a\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\uff1b\u201c911\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7684\u8513\u5ef6\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u5f15\u5411\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7126\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u73b0\u72b6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u878d\u5408\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u6210\u679c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u836f\u7269\u6ee5\u7528\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u6d88\u8d39\u3001\u53cd\u6050\u7ef4\u7a33\u7b49\u5404\u9886\u57df\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u6027\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u5371\u673a(Kruglanski, Chernikova, &amp; Jasko, 2017)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u8f93\u51fa\u5730(\u91d1\u76db\u534e\uff0c2010)\u3002\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5317\u7f8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0d\u65ad\u62d3\u5c55\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5173\u6ce8\u7fa4\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7e41\u8363(\u4fde\u56fd\u826f&amp;\u97e6\u5e86\u65fa\uff0c2014)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u7535\u5b50\u671f\u520a\u5168\u6587\u6570\u636e\u5e93(APA)\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c2014~2018\u5e74\u6536\u5f55\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd110\u4e07\u7bc7\u3002\u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u9898\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e09\u5927\u9886\u57df(\u738b\u82b3\uff0c\u7b49\uff0c2011)\u3002\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fd0\u52a8\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u3001\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u68c0\u7d22\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u53ca\u6291\u5236\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u5f15\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66(Kruglanski, Chernikova, &amp; Jasko, 2017)\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u5224\u65ad\u51b3\u7b56\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02(\u4fde\u56fd\u826f&amp;\u97e6\u5e86\u65fa\uff0c2014)\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898(Lieberman, 2007; Ochsner, 2007; Kruglanski, Chernikova, &amp; Jasko, 2017)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6cd5\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6cd5\u548c\u5143\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6cd5\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6cd5\u6cdb\u6ee5\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u51f8\u663e\u3002Rodrigues\u548cLevine (1999)\u5c31\u66fe\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u6027\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u56fd\u5916\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u5174\u8d77\u4e86\u5982\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5(\u5434\u751c\u751c\uff0c2016)\u3002\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u5206\u6790\u5df2\u7ecf\u6e17\u900f\u8fdb\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u3001\u6c9f\u901a\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u7b49\u5404\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8bfe\u9898(\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff0c\u5f6d\u8fc8\u514b\uff0c&amp;\u9f50\u4e39\u00b7\u5e93\u67e5\u5df4\u838e\uff0c2009)\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d1f\u8377\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001Stroop\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u53cc\u4efb\u52a1\u8303\u5f0f\u548c\u7b49\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u73b0\u8c61(Kruglanski, Chernikova, &amp; Jasko\uff0c2017)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/a5f000c21025eb253903933478359941284603.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-86\" width=\"640\" height=\"888\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/a5f000c21025eb253903933478359941284603.jpg 640w, http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/a5f000c21025eb253903933478359941284603-216x300.jpg 216w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u8fc8\u5c14\u65af(2016)\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66(\u7b2c11\u7248)\u300b\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6291\u90c1\u3001\u5b64\u72ec\u3001\u7126\u8651\u4e43\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u75be\u75c5\uff1b\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e34\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u6bd4\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u98ce\u683c(Haeffel et al., 2008)\u3002\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6d89\u53ca\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u56e0\u7d20\u5bf9\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u8bc1\u8bcd\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u5219\u4e8b\u5173\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6df1\u53d7\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ce8\u91cd\u5e94\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u517b\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u6210\u5c31\u52a8\u673a\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd1\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9(\u91d1\u76db\u534e\uff0c2010)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/51a6d2d6349a49ac96accad84cd2b6916856074399251078859.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-87\" width=\"690\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/51a6d2d6349a49ac96accad84cd2b6916856074399251078859.jpg 690w, http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/51a6d2d6349a49ac96accad84cd2b6916856074399251078859-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" 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loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/mmexport15401946930188879082679935503502.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-88 alignnone size-full\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/mmexport15401946930188879082679935503502.jpg 1919w, http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/mmexport15401946930188879082679935503502-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/mmexport15401946930188879082679935503502-1024x576.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/mmexport15401946930188879082679935503502-768x432.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.psyeast.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/mmexport15401946930188879082679935503502-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\" 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